Multiple Choice Questions On Nuclear Chemistry - Part 1
1. Which is the
correct symbol for an alpha particle?
(a) 4He2
(b) 1n0
(c) 0e-1
(d) 1p1
Answer. (a)
2. Of the
following, which is the most damaging when ingested?
(a) beta
emitters
(b) alpha
emitters
(c) gamma
emitters
(d) all of
these
Answer. (b)
3. An alpha
particle is _______
(a) an electron
(b) one neutron
and one proton
(c) two protons
and two neutrons
(d) an X-ray
emission
Answer. (c)
4. By what type
of decay process might 214Pb convert to 214Bi?
(a) beta decay
(b) alpha decay
(c) gamma decay
(d) electron
capture
Answer. (a)
5. The curie is
a measure of the _______
(a) lethal
threshold for radiation exposure
(b) number of
alpha particles emitted by exactly 1 g of a radioactive substance
(c) number of
disintegrations per second of a radioactive substance
(d) total
energy absorbed by an object exposed to a radioactive source
Answer. (c)
6. Of the
following processes, which one does not change the atomic number?
(a) gamma
emission
(b) alpha
emission
(c) positron
emission
(d) beta
emission
Answer. (a)
7. Which of these
nuclides is most likely to be radioactive?
(a) 39K19
(b) 27Al13
(c) 127I53
(d) 243Am95
Answer. (d)
8. The beta
particle consists of _______
(a) high-energy
rays
(b) 1 neutron
(c) 2 neutrons
and 2 protons
(d) 1 electron
Answer. (d)
9. Lab coats
and gloves provide shielding from _______
(a) alpha
radiation
(b) alpha and
beta radiation
(c) alpha,
beta, and gamma radiation
(d) gamma
radiation
Answer. (b)
10. When an
alpha particle is released in nuclear decay, the mass number of the nucleus undergoing
decay _______
(a) stays the
same
(b) increases
by 4
(c) decreases
by 4
(d) decreases
by 2
Answer. (c)
11. Which one
of the following processes could not result in the conversion of strontium to
rubidium?
(a) gamma
emission
(b) proton
emission
(c) electron capture
(d) positron
emission
Answer. (a)
12. Alpha decay
of 226Ra will yield which of the following nuclides?
(a) 222Rn
(b) 230Th
(c) 222Fr
(d) 222Th
Answer. (a)
13. In a
Geiger-Müller counter, one “count” is directly due to _______
(a) a secondary
electron
(b) a primary
electron
(c) many
electrons and ions
(d) a beta
particle
Answer. (c)
14. 8Li3
decays to 8Be4. What type of decay is this?
(a) positron
emission
(b) beta
(c) γ-ray
(d) alpha
Answer. (b)
15. _______
rays consist of He nuclei, while _______ rays are electromagnetic radiation.
(a) beta, alpha
(b) alpha, beta
(c) alpha,
gamma
(d) gamma, beta
Answer. (c)
16. Which type
of radioactive decay results in an increase in atomic number?
(a) positron
emission
(b) alpha
emission
(c) gamma
emission
(d) beta
emission
Answer. (d)
17. When 249Cf
is bombarded with 10B, 257Lr is formed. What other particle(s)
is/are produced?
(a) −1e0
(b) 1n0
(c) 0e1
(d) 1p1
Answer. (b)
18. Which
combination of the number of protons and the number of neutrons is most common
among the _______ naturally occurring
non-radioactive nuclides?
(a) even
protons; even neutrons
(b) odd
protons; even neutrons
(c) even
protons; odd neutrons
(d) odd
protons; odd neutrons
Answer. (a)
19. Which form
of radioactivity is most penetrating?
(a) alpha
particles
(b) beta
particles
(c) neutrons
(d) gamma rays
Answer. (d)
20. In electron
capture, _______
(a) gamma rays
are emitted
(b) a neutron
is formed
(c) a positron
is formed
(d) an alpha
particle is emitted
Answer. (b)
21. The
spontaneous transformation of one nuclide into others occurs only if _______
(a) the process
is endothermic
(b) the process
results in a neutron/proton ratio of 1:0 in the products
(c) sufficient
energy can be absorbed from the surroundings to drive the process
(d) the
combined mass of the products is less than the mass of the original nuclide
Answer. (d)
22. What
particle is released when Ga-75 decays to Ge-75?
(a) neutron
(b) beta
(c) gamma
(d) alpha
Answer. (b)
23. What
particle is missing in the following bombardment reaction? Al27 + ?
= 1n + P30
(a) neutron
(b) beta
(c) proton
(d) alpha
Answer. (d)
24. What would
be the immediate product of neutron absorption by 107Ag?
(a) 107Pd
(b) 109In
(c) 108Cd
(d) 108Ag
Answer. (d)
25. When a
nuclide undergoes beta decay, _______
(a) the atomic
number remains unchanged and the mass number increases by one
(b) the mass
number remains unchanged and the atomic number decreases by one
(c) the mass
number remains unchanged and the atomic number increases by one
(d) the atomic
number remains unchanged and the mass number decreases by one
Answer. (c)
26. The
half-life of 32P, which is used as a label on red blood cells to
determine blood volume, is 14.3 days. How many days are required for the
activity of a sample of 32P to drop to 5.00% of its initial level?
(a) 26.8 days
(b) 42.8 days
(c) 61.8 days
(d) 0.209 days
Answer. (c)
27. The
half-life of Sulfur-35 is 88 days. If 8.0 g of Sulfur-35 exists on day one,
what fraction will remain after 264 days?
(a) 0.5 g
(b) 4.0 g
(c) 0 g
(d) 1.0 g
Answer. (d)
28. When Xenon-123
emits a gamma ray, what is the product?
(a) 123Xe
54
(b) 123I53
(c) 119Te52
(d) 123Cs55
Answer. (a)
29. The cloth
shroud from around a mummy is found to have a 14C activity of 8.9 disintegrations
per minute per gram of carbon as compared with living organisms that undergo15.2
disintegrations per minute per gram of carbon. From the half-life for 14C
decay, 5.73 × 103 yr, calculate the age of the shroud.
(a) 9.3 × 10–5
yr
(b) 4.4 × 103
yr
(c) 6.5 × 10–5
yr
(d) 1.92 × 103
yr
Answer. (b)
30. 198Au
has a half-life of 2.70 days. Assuming you start with a 10.0 mg sample of 198Au,
how much will remain after 10.0 days?
(a) 0.246 mg
(b) 130 mg
(c) 0.768 mg
(d) 9.44 mg
Answer. (c)
31. The
half-life for the beta decay of 233Pa is 27.4 days. How many days
must pass to reduce a 5.00 g sample of 233Pa to 0.625 g?
(a) 109.6 days
(b) 54.8 days
(c) 82.2 days
(d) 27.4 days
Answer. (c)
32. The
half-life of tritium (Hydrogen-3) is 12.3 yr. If 48.0 mg of tritium is released
from a nuclear power plant during the course of an accident, what mass of this
nuclide will remain after 49.2 yr?
(a) 6.0 mg
(b) 3.0 mg
(c) 24.0 mg
(d) 12.0 mg
Answer. (b)
33. How old is
a fossil bone whose 14C content is 15.0 percent that of living bone?
(a) 25400 yr
(b) 15600 yr
(c) 380 yr
(d) 6810 yr
Answer. (b)
34. Iodine-131
has a half-life of 8 days. How many grams of I-131 in a 4.0 g sample remain after
24 days?
(a) 2.0 g
(b) 1.0 g
(c) 0.50 g
(d) 0.0 g
Answer. (c)
35. The
half-life of 45Ca is 165 days. After 1.0 year, what percentage of
the original sample of 45Ca remains?
(a) 10.9
percent
(b) 99.6 percent
(c) 2.16
percent
(d) 21.6
percent
Answer. (d)
36. What
particle is produced when Phosphorus-29 decays to silicon-29?
(a) positron
(b) beta
(c) gamma
(d) alpha
Answer. (a)
37. The
bombardment of which isotope by a neutron produces 198Au and proton?
(a) 199Tl81
(b) 197Hg80
(c) 198Hg80
(d) 197Pt78
Answer. (c)
38. Complete
and balance the following nuclear equation by selecting the missing particle
24Mg12
+ 2H1 → 4He2 + ?
(a) 22Al13
(b) 22Na11
(c) 26Al13
(d) 20Ne10
Answer. (b)
39. What is the
product of beta decay of 159Gd64
?
(a) 159Tb65
(b) 159Eu63
(c) 159Gd64
(d) 155Sm62
Answer. (a)
40. Which of
the following is the nuclear equation for bismuth-214 undergoing beta decay?
(a) 214Bi83
→ 0e1 + 214Po84
(b) 214Bi83
→ 0e1 + 214Pb82
(c) 214Bi83
→ 0e1 + 214Po84
(d) 214Bi83
→ 0e1 + 214Po84
Answer. (a)
Reference: Essentials of Physical Chemistry /Arun Bahl, B.S Bahl and G.D. Tuli / multicolour edition.
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